Discrepancies free download as powerpoint presentation. These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for. Aberrant blood grouping results in a patient with splenomegaly. We use dry labs for abo discrepancy examples because it would be difficult to create actual samples that illustrate the various scenarios. Pdf discrepancy in abo blood grouping taseer ahmed. Taking a cue from the mit opencourseware initiative and similar programs from other educational institutions, openoptix is an initiative to encourage, develop, and host free and open optical education to improve optical care worldwide. To determine the most likely category the laboratory professional must look at the strength and specificity of the reactions in the context of the patient history and findings. The results indicated agglutination upon immediate spin, but no ag. Using inhouse cells, automated and manual gelcard and tube methods, iat.
Results must be recorded, but interpretation of the abo group must be delayed until the discrepancy is resolvedby you. List 4 possible causes of abo discrepancies associated with testing for the presence or absence of 3. Unresolved abo discrepancies can compromise patient safety. Chemistryantigens methodologies solid phase red cell. Objectives to correlate the forward abo typing with the reverse abo typing determine where the discrepancy is observed identify methods for resolving abo discrepancies 1. Here, we report a subgroup of blood group typeb in the abo system. We aimed to determine the prevalence of abo discrepancies in our donor population and to know the causes by using a standard classification.
Abo study guide opticianworks online optician training. Transfusion medicine quality manual standard operating. Adobe acrobat reader dc software is the free global standard for reliably viewing, printing, and commenting on pdf documents. Importance of transplantation history in abo discrepancies. Case study 1an 83yearold female is undergoing preop testing which includes a type and screen with a 2unit red cell crossmatch. However, a discrepancy was found in the reverse typing with a 1 cells and b cells producing agglutination. Ad is an 86yearold man brought to the er from an assisted living facility. List 4 clerical errors which may result in an abo discrepancy. In the hemagglutination test, agglutination is a positive result, and no agglutination is a negative result. Generally the abo group of the patient can be hypothesized from the patient data with varying degrees of certainty.
Recognizing and resolving abo discrepancies article in immunohematology american red cross 332. Abo discrepancies essentials with nicole draper blood. Midline discrepancy the midline for each arch equals the midpoint between the mx central incisors and the mn central incisors demonstrated by two vertical reference lines. Explain what must be done if an abo discrepancy cannot be resolved before the patient requires a transfusion. I presented a poster at the 1997 aabb convention regarding 26 abo reverse grouping discrepancies detected in gel when testing over 3500 patient blood samples. A stat type and screen for two units of blood was ordered. State the source of the anta 1 lectin and state what it is used for.
Recommended laboratory procedurestechniques should be followed for the investigation of any discrepancy e. Seventh annual pathology education symposium recorded. Study 61 4 rh reagents and discrepancies flashcards from eye e. This antibody, if present in an individual, can lead to a discrepancy between forward and reverse abo grouping and. You may use a computer or mobile device to complete the quiz using thefollowing link by march 31, 2020.
Result during the years 549,229 abo blood grouping tests were performed. An immediatespin tube test reverse grouping resolved 1926 discrepancies due to patients antiaantib not detected in gel. Most blood bankers really dislike abo discrepancies, but nicole draper says, theyre not so bad. Samplerelated problems that affect redcell testing were observed in twenty cases, and the most common cause of abo discrepancies in this category was subgroups of a and b. Download as ppt, pdf, txt or read online from scribd.
And now, its connected to the adobe document cloud. Abo blood grouping discrepancies in the donor population. If transfusion is necessary before resolving the abo discrepancy the recipient should receive group o red cells and ab plasma products. Abo discrepancies are one challenge we face in blood banking. The results and interpretations of routine rbc and serum tests for abo are shown in table 1. Discrepancy in abo blood grouping mohammad noman khan, taseer ahmed khan and zulfiqar ahmed abstract discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. Describe how an abo discrepancy would be recognized. Background and objectives abo typing discrepancies in blood donors are not properly considered in iran, and the only solution to this problem is to exclude the blood unit without any reasonable explanation to blood donor. Preparing for abo certification shows your desire to learn and become a better optician.
Abo discrepancies with nicole draper released august 1, 2018 joe. Discrepancies definition of discrepancies by the free. They can be caused by patient rbcs, patient serum, an underlying condition, human error, or a number of factors. Aug 20, 2018 i have taught transfusion medicine to mls students for a number of years, and one of the more challenging concepts for my students is that of abo discrepancies. A generic term for a variety of situations in which the interpretation of a patient or donors abo grouping results is unclear. Resolving abo discrepancies by serological workupan.
I have taught transfusion medicine to mls students for a number of years, and one of the more challenging concepts for my students is that of abo discrepancies. Resolving abo discrepancies by serological workupan analysis. For brevity, discrepancies have been arbitrarily classified into categories such as weak or missing antibodies, extra antigens, etc. Pdf discrepancy of abo typing in acute leukemia patients. Using antibodyscreening cells, the patients serum was tested.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Naturally occurring anti m complicating abo grouping. Its the only pdf viewer that can open and interact with all types of pdf content, including. Abo discrepancies occur whenever the results of red cell grouping and serum grouping are in disagreement. A relationship between the secretion of the blood group antigens and the presence of antio or antih in human serum.
Antibody screen and identification are needed, followed by the selection of blood that lacks the antigen. Free flashcards to help memorize facts about abo discrepancies. Pdf abo discrepancy prevalence and qualitative study of. Abo discrepancies occurred 261 times giving a frequency of 0.
Abo discrepancies occur any time the interpretations of a persons red cell and serum grouping do not agree. These discrepancies can be avoided through detailed analysis for the blood typing. Pdf discrepancy in abo blood grouping researchgate. Seventeen weak subgroup discrepancies were found in. If discrepancies are encountered, the interpretation of the abo grouping has to be delayed until the same has been resolved. An important part of blood banking is knowing how to deal with unexpected results. Relations between the abo, secretornonsecretor, and lewis.
Causes of abo discrepancies at the kfhu blood bank laboratory cause number frequency % abo subgroups and alloantibodies aa 2 81. Wise, ms, mtascpsbb associate professor, georgia regents university american society for clinical laboratory science georgia 2015 annual meeting may 16, 2015. Abo discrepancy takes on many forms, and acquired b is a great, if not terribly common, example. State the source of the anth lectin and state what it is used for. Abo discrepancies, and im really excited for you to hear it from my guest.
The page below is a sample from the labce course abo typing discrepancies. For all the discrepant samples, the abo and rhd grouping was repeated using tube technique. Importance of weak abo subgroups oxford academic journals. If both the a 1 and the a 2 cells are positive, the patient most likely has passivelytransfused antia, either from abo mismatched platelets or an abo mismatched organ transplant. The reasons for discrepancies both clinical and technical have to be sorted out. Abo typing discrepancies among patients and blood donors in a tertiary care hospital. When there is an abo typing discrepancy cynthia cruz, mlsascpcm american red cross reference. A case of igm deficiency with b cell deficiency detected by. Abo discrepancies page not found university of alberta. Drawboard pdf is the most intuitive pdf app on the microsoft store. The discrepancy is the difference between the two vertical reference lines measured in the horizontal plane. Case report a 16yrold boy presented at our hospital with a 5day history of intermittent and diffused pain in his right knee after exercise.
Begin follow up by getting an accurate patient history age, meded ca o s,ications, ddag oss,iagnosis, eectc. Abo discrepancies and their resolution authorstream. Explain what must be done when a discrepancy arises in a blood donor. Blood banks are using monoclonal antibodies for abo reagents in routine testing. Discrepancies in the blood bank are common and knowing how to solve them is critical.
What are other possible causes of abo discrepancies. The openoptix abo study guide is the pilot project of the openoptix initiative. Abo discrepancy index american board of orthodontics. List at least 6 technical or clerical errors that may cause abo discrepancies.
View the video of the presentation using the provided url 2. Further analysis is essential to resolve such discrepancies. Learn more about abo typing discrepancies online ce course. When encountered, it is critical to reach a resolution in order to report the correct patient abo group. In this study we examined 75066 blood units of isfahan blood transfusion center in 15 months for abo discrepancies in order to evaluate the prevalence and relevant factors of. In the same way if a child receives from its parents genes b and o it will belong to group b only if it receives gene o from both its parents will it belong to group o. For example, in the abo blood group system the gene a and b are dominant over gene o. Hi everyone and welcome to the blood bank guy essentials podcast, the podcast designed to help you learn the essentials of transfusion medicine. Pdf discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. Ppt abo discrepancies powerpoint presentation free to.
Discrepancy detected in reason causes type 1 reverse grouping weak or missing antibody newbron,elderly, leukemias, immunodefieciency diseases immunosuppressant drugs, abo subgroups type 2 forward grouping weak or missing antigen abo subgroup, acquired group leukemias type 3 forward and reverse plasma or protein abnormalities rouleaux,plasma cell disorder. Discrepancies in blood typing is one of the major reasons in eliciting a transfusion reaction. Leukemia and other malignancies may weaken antigen reactions. Discrepancies in abo direct and reverse testing cell and serum tests.
At opticianworks we want you to be the best you can be, for yourself, our profession, and the people you serve, which is why we put together this free study guide to help you start your journey. Thus if a child receives from its parents gene a and o it will belong to group a. Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. If some or all a 2 cells are positive as well as some or all of the a 1 cells, the antibody is an alloantibody outside the abo system. Blood group serology goubran 2009 isbt science series. When abo testing goes right, as it almost always does, its a very simple process. Given the results of abo typing, correctly identify if a discrepancy exists and if the source is most likely in the forward or reverse type. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of igm deficiency detected by abo discrepancy in a patient with acute osteomyelitis.
Abo discrepancies can be grouped into four categories, which are discussed in detail below. A discrepancy exists when the results of rbc tests do not complement that of serum tests, and the expected two positives and two negatives are not observed. Abo typing discrepancy essentials veronica talley, amt haabb fall speaker event september 19, 2018. Patients with rbcs of more than one abo group due to rbc transfusion or marrow transplant. Seventh annual pathology education symposium recorded presentation to receive p. So, this is an episode that has been called for many times, by.
This was done repeatedly to get a population of completely free cells that showed. Abo discrepancies clerical errors inadequate id of specimen, test tubes, or reagents documentationcomputer entry technical errors cell suspension missed observations hemolysis, rouleaux, etc. Classifying abo discrepancies in order to provide a systematic approach for problemsolving, abo discrepancies are generally divided into four categories. Aug 01, 2018 most blood bankers really dislike abo discrepancies, but nicole draper says, theyre not so bad. For each category, only some of the potential causes are addressed. In pdf mode, open balloon at top left of each page to see discussion. He was diagnosed with acute anemia of unknown origin when his cbc revealed a hemoglobin of 4. Transfusion of type o blood would cause an immediate hemolytic transfusion. Describe in detail several causes of abo discrepancies due to the following. Weakened or missing reactions in the reverse typing. During the years 549,229 abo blood grouping tests were performed.